16 Haloalkanes
16.1 Can understand and describe the haloalkanes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) write the general formula for haloalkanes;
(b) name haloalkanes according to the IUPAC nomenclature;
(c) describe the structural and optical isomerism in haloalkanes;
(d) state the physical properties of haloalkanes;
(e) describe the substitution reactions of haloalkanes as exemplified by the following reactions of bromoethane: hydrolysis, the formation of nitriles and the formation of primary amines;
(f) describe the elimination reactions of haloalkanes;
(g) describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes (SN1 and SN2);
(h) explain the relative reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary haloalkanes;
(i) compare the reactivity of chlorobenzene and chloroalkanes in hydrolysis reactions;
(j) explain the use of haloalkanes in the synthesis of organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents), and their use in reactions with carbonyl compounds;
(k) describe the uses of fluoroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes as inert substances for aerosol propellants, coolants and fire-extinguishers;
(l) state the use of chloroalkanes as insecticide such as DDT;
(m) describe the effect of chlorofluoroalkanes in the depletion of the ozone layer, and explain its mechanism.
16 Haloalkanes
16.1 Can understand and describe the haloalkanes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) write the general formula for haloalkanes;
(b) name haloalkanes according to the IUPAC nomenclature;
(c) describe the structural and optical isomerism in haloalkanes;
structural
(d) state the physical properties of haloalkanes;
physical properties
(e) describe the substitution reactions of haloalkanes as exemplified by the following reactions of bromoethane: hydrolysis, the formation of nitriles and the formation of primary amines;
substitution reactions: reactions of bromoethane:
hydrolysis
formation of nitriles
formation of primary amines;

(g) describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes (SN1 and SN2);
SN1 and SN2
(h) explain the relative reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary haloalkanes;
relative reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary
(i) compare the reactivity of chlorobenzene and chloroalkanes in hydrolysis reactions;
reactivity of chlorobenzene and chloroalkanes in hydrolysis
(j) explain the use of haloalkanes in the synthesis of organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents), and their use in reactions with carbonyl compounds;
synthesis of organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents)
use in reactions with carbonyl compounds
(k) describe the uses of fluoroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes as inert substances for aerosol propellants, coolants and fire-extinguishers;
uses of fluoroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes as
inert substances for
aerosol propellants,
coolants and
fire-extinguishers;
(l) state the use of chloroalkanes as insecticide such as DDT;
(m) describe the effect of chlorofluoroalkanes in the depletion of the ozone layer, and explain its mechanism.